Conjunctive adverb, atau dikenal juga sebagai adverbial conjunction dan subordinating adverb, merupakan jenis adverb yang bentuknya mirip dengan conjunction (kata sambung). Kemiripan ini terletak pada kemampuannya dalam menyambungkan klausa di dalam suatu kalimat. Akan tetapi, posisinya lebih bebas daripada conjunction, di mana adverb ini dapat ditempatkan di awal, tengah, ataupun di akhir kalimat. Berikut akan dipaparkan pengertian, jenis, contoh, dan cara penulisan conjunctive adverb yang tepat dalam kalimat.

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Pengertian Conjunctive Adverb

Conjunctive adverb adalah adverb yang menyerupai conjunction, karena dapat menghubungkan dua independent clauses (induk kalimat). Sehingga dapat dikatakan mirip dengan conjunction. Conjunctive adverb dan conjunction dapat dicontohkan melalui kalimat.

Conjunctive adverb :	I wrote for ten hours, yet I didn’t finish my composition.
Conjunction :	I wrote for ten hours. Nevertheless, I didn’t finish my composition.

Dari contoh di atas dapat dilihat bahwa conjunctive adverb sangat mirip dengan conjunction dari segi posisi atau letak. Namun, jika diamati lebih lanjut, tanda baca yang menyertai keduanya berbeda. Dalam hal ini, conjunctive adverb didahului dengan semi colon dan diakhiri dengan koma, sementara conjunction hanya diawali dengan koma dalam penulisannya.

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Jenis dan Contoh Conjunctive Adverb

Berikut jenis dan contoh conjunctive adverb dalam bahasa Inggris.

1. Time

   after …. after a short/ long time afterward                            at least at the same time before that time before then                       immediately

   lately later                                  meanwhile now                                 nowadays                        presently recently shortly

   since since then           soon                      temporarily then there after

2. Addition, augmentation

   additionally again                           also                                        and

   and then                              besides                             furthermore                      futher

   in addition           likewise moreover too

3. Contrast, opposition

   after all                              although this may be true and yet at the same time but despite this (+ noun)

   however in contrast in contrast to (+ noun) in spite of (+ noun) it must be confessed nevertheless

   not with standing      on the contrary on the other hand still yet

4. Comparison, similiarity
   

   again also equally (+ adj)

   in a like manner in a similar manner in the same way

   likewise similarly

5. Concession

   after all although and yet

   as a matter of fact at the same time granted

   naturally of course perhaps

6. Demonstration, illustration

   as a matter of fact as an example for example for instance in fact

   in namely in other words in particular incidentally indeed

   particularly specifically that is to illustrate

7. Sequence

   finally first of all first, second, third, etc in the first place,second, etc

   last last of all next then

   to begin with to end with

8. Result

   accordingly as a result consequently hence

   otherwise so then thereby

   therefore thus

9. Purpose

   for this purpose/reason

   to this purpose

   with this object (objective)

10. Location

    adjacent to (+noun) at the right at the top beyond

    far a head far behind in the center in the distance

    nearby opposite straight a head

11. Conclusion

    accordingly as a result as l have said/ noted/ stated briefly briefly stated

    finally in brief in other words indeed it goes without saying

    on the whole therefore thus to conclude to summarize

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Cara Penulisan Conjunctive Adverb

Adapun cara penulisan conjunctive adverb beserta tanda bacanya dalam kalimat adalah sebagai berikut.

He was sick. Therefore, he was absent. He was sick. He, therefore, was absent. He was sick. He was absent, therefore. He was sick; therefore, he was absent. He was sick; he, therefore, was absent. He was sick; he was absent, therefore. He was sick; he was absent.

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Contoh Conjunctive Adverb dalam Kalimat

Contoh lain conjunctive adverb dapat dilihat pada kalimat-kalimat berikut.

1. I bought a new shirt. I bought some new shoes, also.
2. This is good cheese; besides, it’s made locally.
3. They won the state lottery. Therefore, they are now rather rich.
4. He found the solution; he was, thus, able to finish the project in time.
5. You can cross by ferry; alternatively, you can take the Channel Tunnel.

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Daftar Materi di Parts of Speech

1. NOUN (kata benda)
2. PRONOUN (kata ganti)
3. ADJECTIVE (kata sifat)
4. VERB (kata kerja)
5. ADVERB (kata keterangan)
6. CONJUNCTION (kata sambung)
7. PREPOSITION (kata depan)
8. INTERJECTION (kata seru)